Protein metabolism Promotes protein synthesis Reduces protein breakdown Insulin Secretion Triggered by: High blood glucose (e.g., after meals) Amino acids GI hormones (incretins) Parasympathetic stimulation Inhibited by: Low blood glucose Sympathetic stimulation (adrenaline, noradrenaline) Lack of Insulin Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Little or no insulin production Requires lifelong insulin therapy Type 2 Diabetes Insulin resistance + decreased insulin secretion May require insulin if oral drugs are insufficient Clinical Uses of Insulin Type 1 diabetes (always) Type 2 diabetes (if uncontrolled) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Hyperkalemia (shifts K+ into cells) Gestational diabetes Side Effects of Insulin Hypoglycemia (most common) Symptoms: sweating, tremor, confusion, headache Weight gain Lipodystrophy at injection site Allergic reactions (rare) Storage and Administration Injected subcutaneously (abdomen, thigh, arm) Rotate injection sites Store unopened vials in the fridge Opened insulin kept at room temp (up to 28 days, depends on type) Important Patient Education Monitor blood glucose regularly Match insulin with meals Treat hypoglycemia promptly (e.g., glucose tablets, juice) Never skip meals after rapid-acting insulin Know signs of low and high sugar To view or add a comment, sign in More Relevant Posts MLS (ASCP) Model Question Bank (Clinical chemistry-05): Q51
By taking a holistic view of your health, you ensure that every choice you make supports your long-term vitality
When GLP- 1 receptor agonists are used to treat T2DM, there is also a noticeable reduction in post-meal glycemic fluctuations due to their short-term, transient effect on slowing gastric emptying
That advice holds true for GLP-1 users too
HT and autoimmune atrophic gastritis(AAG) HT is found in nearly 40% of patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG), who have a large number of anti-parietal cell antibodies in the serum [150]
