The proposed direct vascular mechanisms, supported by preclinical and clinical data, include the following: Endothelial protection: GLP-1 receptor agonists promote nitric oxide production, vasodilation, and angiogenesis while inhibiting oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells Plaque stabilization: Reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity prevents fibrous cap degradation
COVID-19 patients recovered faster with CMA than with placebo (6.6 vs 9.3 days in phase-2 and 5.7 vs 9.2 days in phase-3 studies)
10.1111/dom.12591 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14.Shyangdan DS, Royle P, Clar C, et al
Clinical evidence supports 25% Niacinamide for the daily benefit of barrier repair
After an initial loading regimen of 1mg three times weekly for two weeks, maintenance therapy is typically 1mg every three months for life in conditions like pernicious anaemia, or every two months if neurological involvement was present