Possibilities include: fecal SCFA levels (as an indicator of beneficial fermentation), serum TMAO (marker of detrimental microbial metabolism), gut permeability assays (like urinary sugar tests or blood zonulin) to gauge gut barrier integrity, and even gut microbial gene profiles that might predict rapid vs slow disease progression
Introduction Glutathione is a tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Cys-Gly that is mostly present in reduced (GSH) or disulfide (GSSG) forms, even though nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) may represent another important source
Adv Nutr 3:822824 Mayne ST, Ferrucci LM, Cartmel B (2012) Lessons learned from randomized clinical trials of micronutrient supplementation for cancer prevention
Mulayim MK, Kurutas EB, Nazik H, Ozturk P
These associations remained statistically significant even after adjusting for other factors