finalized during chart review
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020676, PMID: 21655192 Steullet P, Neijt HC, Cunod M, Do KQ (2006) Synaptic plasticity impairment and hypofunction of NMDA receptors induced by glutathione deficit: relevance to schizophrenia
Genetic predisposition to an impaired metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation analysis
Thorax 68 , 142148 (2013)
Therapeutic use Tuberculosis: administer pyridoxine to prevent INH-induced peripheral neuropathy Hyperemesis gravidarum Characteristics Synonyms: biotin Inactive precursor (provitamin): none Active form: biotin Sources Plants (e.g., soy products, nuts), animal products (e.g., liver, egg yolk, dairy products) Small amounts are synthesized by intestinal flora Resorption: pancreatic enzyme biotinidase cleaves protein-bound biotin into free biotin active intestinal resorption Transport in blood: mainly free Functions Coenzyme for various carboxylase enzyme complexes, which all add a 1-carbon group Fatty acid synthesis: acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acetyl-CoA (2C) malonyl-CoA (3C) Gluconeogenesis: pyruvate carboxylase Pyruvate (3C) oxaloacetate (4C) Fatty acid reduction: propionyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA (3C) methylmalonyl-CoA (4C) Biotin is a coenzyme in all carboxylase enzyme complexes that are not vitamin K-dependent
