Vitamin B-12-deficiency affects immunoglobulin production and cytokine levels in mice
Using B12 supplements as a weight loss aid without medical indication is not recommended and may distract from evidence-based weight management strategies
The fat cell experiences simultaneous enhancement of fat breakdown and reduction of fat formation
In animal models of obesity, evidence shows that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ceramide or glucosylceramide biosynthesis leads to increased peripheral insulin sensitivity while at the same time reducing the severity of pathologies associated with insulin resistance including diabetes, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and/or cardiomyopathy
Furthermore, when leaked into the extracellular microenvironment, the intermediate metabolites of melanogenesis, which are also immunosuppressive, may promote evasion of immune responses by the initially transformed melanocyte precursors and their offspring melanoma cells, increasing the risk of melanomagenesis and melanoma growth [60]
