REM cycles lengthen through the night, with the longest REM periods occurring in the final hours of sleep
On the question of raw, proven efficacy for photoaging, the honest answer is that tretinoin has the stronger evidence base but the picture is more nuanced than a simple winner-takes-all verdict
The commissioners responses were open yet non-committal
Because its water soluable, any excess is safely excreted, making the treatment effective and low risk
Experts explain that extremolytes work to protect extremophiles (organisms that are naturally found in extreme conditions) from their surroundings by forming and stabilizing protective water layers around their macromolecules and cell structures.7 But researchers note that ectoine, specifically, possesses certain properties that help it to shield proteins, cell membranes, and human tissues from allergens, UV light, heat, and dryness.7 And since peptides are the building blocks of proteins, it stands to reason that ectoine may help protect them, too.21 Looking at GHK-Cu, study authors explain that it may be prone to decomposition by skin proteases due to its limited enzyme resistance properties, making copper easily exposed to the external environment.9 So, to summarize, it appears that adding ectoine to a formula containing GHK-Cu may promote better peptide stability and protect it from harsh skin environments that could break it down, which could suggest that the copper peptides in this Allies of Skin product have more of an opportunity to work
