Notably, several studies report that specific postbiotics can match or even surpass their parent live strains in improving disease activity indices, repairing the intestinal barrier, and mitigating oxidative stress (Rezaie et al., 2024a,b, 2025
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P.Sanchez-AlavezM.SugamaS.BrennanM.FernandezR.BartfaiT.et al (2007)
While most metabolomic studies are unable to assay compounds as large as cytokines, chemokine, or antibodies, immune responses may lead to measurable alterations in amino acids metabolites, glycolytic, gluconeogenic, oxidative stress, and purine intermediates (147)
Neurology 58:13959, PMID: 12011287 Deth R, Muratore C, Benzecry J, Power-Charnitsky VA, Waly M (2008)) How environmenta and genetic factors combine to cause autism: a redox/methylation hypothesis