Optimal order: Vegetables (fiber, volume) 5-10 min Protein (meat, fish, eggs) 5-10 min Carbohydrates (rice, pasta, bread) end of meal Why it works: Fiber slows down carbohydrate absorption Proteins trigger GLP-1 first Stomach already partially full = fewer carbohydrates consumed Study: Postprandial blood glucose reduced by 30% with this order (vs
Prior treatment with acarbose markedly reduced the postprandial rise in blood glucose and associated endothelial dysfunction (Steyers 2014
In the Phase 2 Lancet trial, orforglipron 45 mg reduced HbA1c by up to 2.1 percentage points at 26 weeks, exceeding the reduction achieved by dulaglutide 1.5 mg (the active comparator)
Further studies are also needed in humans to determine whether APOE also influences L-carnitine metabolism following challenge and whether this impacts GBB and/or TMAO levels
however, large-scale controlled human efficacy data are not yet available