DSIP# DSIP promotes delta-wave sleep through multiple pathways, none of which are fully characterized: Delta wave promotion -- increases the proportion of slow-wave sleep characterized by high-amplitude delta rhythms on EEG, the phenomenon for which it was named Serotonergic and GABAergic modulation -- sleep effects appear to involve modulation of both serotonin and GABA neurotransmission, the two major inhibitory systems involved in sleep initiation and maintenance NMDA receptor modulation -- may influence glutamatergic signaling involved in sleep-wake transitions CRF suppression -- reduces corticotropin-releasing factor, potentially lowering stress-related arousal that prevents sleep onset Neuroendocrine modulation -- affects the release of LH, GH, and ACTH at the hypothalamic level The fundamental distinction is that DSIP's mechanism remains undefined after more than 45 years of research
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PGE2 also facilitates Th17-mediated inflammation and fibrosis via IL-17, amplifying liver injury 135,136,137
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007
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