This review summarizes that the effect of GLP-1 is not just through its peripheric effects, but also through its central effects on reward processing as assessed by injection of GLP-1 analogs or GLP-1 itself to intra-NTS, NAc, VTA, LH, lPBN, SUM, BNST, LS for palatable food intake, intra-VTA, NAc, and LS for cocaine, intra-NAc for amphetamine, intra-NAc, NTS, dLS for alcohol, and intra-NTS and IPN for cocaine
Those with a history of gastroparesis, GERD, inflammatory bowel disease, or previous gastrointestinal surgery may experience more pronounced symptoms and should have a lower threshold for seeking medical advice
As weight decreases and metabolic function improves, cells throughout the body respond more readily to insulins signals
This is likely because exercise increases hormones like progesterone and dopamine that diminish pain
Regulatory approval requires extensive human testing to establish safety, dosing, and therapeutic benefit