Ethics declarations All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (IACUC number 3638, approval date October 13, 2021) and were conducted following their guidelines
- Formula Type: Plant-based glutathione beauty capsules with antioxidant complex
& Abel, E
The modulatory effect of GNS on intestinal homeostasis (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices, PCoA, and F/B ratio) was demonstrated in an OVX mouse model of osteoporosis, which then restrained the metabolism of microbiota-related TMAO (betaine, choline, creatinine, carnitine, TMA, and TMAO) and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-, IL-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)], thereby inhibiting bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency
GQDs have typical dimensions of up to a few nanometers and circular or elliptical shapes (Yang et al., 2015)