Do not exceed 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) daily without medical supervision, as excessive intake can be harmful
However, animal studies have demonstrated reproductive toxicity at high doses, and Vildagliptin is also excreted in milk
In addition, indirect evidence from a peripheral proteomic study of 2,000 obese individuals prescribed semaglutide showed that semaglutide downregulated tenascin-C (TNC) and upregulated progranulin (GRN), both of which may reduce AD-related pathology (139)
Obesity drugs that demonstrate benefits in cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea, MASH, and metabolic syndrome may command stronger payer support and longer treatment duration
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