As in RCT, participants were mostly adults (mean age 30.455.5 years) and females (6095%) with class II obesity, except for studies conducted in China and South Korea, enrolling patients with a mean BMI ranging from 30.8 to 33 kg/m 2 53,54,62,66
Reported MOTS-c side effects Side effect Injection site redness or swelling Frequency reported Common What to do Rotate sites, inject slowly
A fuller upper lip is more prominent on the face, with the centre and Cupids bow being the fullest portion of the lips
Peptides used therapeutically are designed to bind to specific cell receptors in order to trigger the specific responses that have slowed down, like collagen production
Dietary modifications: Gradually increase dietary fiber intake to 25-35 grams daily through whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes Maintain adequate hydration (aim for pale yellow urine as an indicator of proper hydration) Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration Consider a fiber supplement (psyllium, methylcellulose) if dietary intake is insufficient, starting with a low dose and increasing gradually Bowel habit optimization: Respond promptly to the urge to defecate rather than delaying Avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet (limit to 5 minutes or less) Do not strain during bowel movements
