Notably, Escherichia coli supplementation has been shown to enhance Interleukin-22 (IL-22) production in granulosa cells, mitigate mitochondrial damage in PCOS mice through sex hormone restoration and ovarian tissue morphology improvement, suppress deleterious GM populations, and facilitate aminoglycan and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathways (42)
In long-term treatment, it improved glycaemic control, reduced IR, and favorably modulated lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM, highlighting a promising strategy for oral GLP-1RA delivery [119] ( Fig
A 2024 meta-analysis further highlighted the effectiveness of GLP-1 agonists, reporting reductions in BMI by 2.42 kg/m and waist circumference by 5.16 cm compared to placebo
Hajdarovic KH, Yu D, Hassell L-A, Evans S, Packer S, Neretti N, Webb AE (2022) Single-cell analysis of the aging female mouse hypothalamus
Possible mechanisms of dark tea in cancer prevention and management: A comprehensive review