glp-1 anxiety Exendin-4 enhances signaling and reduces anxiety-like behaviors in male heroin withdrawal mice Study links semaglutide and tirzepatide

surrogate endpoints (weight, HbA1c) are not hard outcomes

Although this class of drugs, called glucagon-like peptide-1 or GLP-1, have been around for more than 17 years, with the first one, Byetta, approved in 2005, it is only recently that the class has made a big name for itself with the introduction of the popular once-weekly diabetic drug, Ozempic , and the equally popular obesity drug, Wegovy (the same drug as Ozempic but with a different dose)

Overall, these findings raise concerns about GLP-1 RA use in patients with reduced LVEF

Leptin really matters: Low leptin for your size can act as a biological brake on weight loss, and chronic dieting, underfueling, overexercise, and some highdose supplements can suppress it further

Let's start with what the research actually says - because it's more specific and more recent than most people realize