In the exploration/exploitation framework, the fact that mice continue to visit targets with the lowest reward probability in each of the gambles, despite intensive learning, can reflect (i) exploratory noise, generally modeled via decreased value sensitivity (or increased randomness) in the softmax model, (ii) directed exploration, if one considers that mice continue to explore locations associated with low reward probability to reduce the uncertainty associated with probabilistic omission and gain information of task contingencies, and (iii) uncertainty-seeking, which is neither really explorative nor exploitive, but considers that mice simply attribute a positive value to expected uncertainty, like a bonus for playing or gambling
A cigarette carton is a larger box that puts multiple packs of it
Swartz J, Stoller JK
. William Kristol, a Republican strategist and, since September, the editor and publisher of The Weekly Standard , puts it this way: She strikes me as a sort of moralistic liberal who has a blind spot for actions that are in her own interest
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