smoke 10 cigarettes a day Pile of ten on white background. The risk of illness is significantly reduced if you less than cigarettes per Stock Photo 30 minutes in...time for a

Counterfactual causation: Avoiding the downsides of a powerful, widely applicable but potentially fallible technique

Smoking makes your stomach more acidic, leading to instant aches for some 3

All indicators of smoking burden were lower among women and respondents without financial difficulties

For example, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian adults are less likely to smoke than non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black persons, but the early years of the NHANES do not have these data 1,17,26

Although use of electric heating is likely to increase, the resulting improvement in air quality will be gradual because people will continue to use the existing stock of wood burners for many years (moderate confidence) A range of factors will continue to influence the use of wood and coal burning for home heating, which is a major source of PM 2.5 in Aotearoa